INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
- *The current spatial distribution of population is influenced by various factors including human adaptation to physical conditions, availability of resources, demographic factors, cultural influences, economic development, and historical events. Migration plays a significant role in population distribution, cultural diffusion, and resource exploitation, with historical and modern migrations shaping population patterns globally. International migration has become a substantial component of population change, with regions like Europe, Northern America, and Australia/New Zealand being net recipients of migrants, while regions like Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean are net senders. The impact of migration extends beyond economic factors to include cultural and demographic shifts in receiving countries
Migration has no impact on global population because One country loss is another gain .
The driving factors behind each migration is different.Famiy reunification,job, violence, armed conflicts, insecurities,natural disasters, better living conditions, better payment e.t.c.
Free migration
It was happened during 16 and 20 century
Forced migration
It happens because of environmental factors,such as
Since world war II ended, rural population displaced where agricultural Land is over used,to obtain livestock and seasonal food.
Individuals for seeking protection from war and disaster,human trafficking,
The current migration is caused by Large-scale labor force
International immigration is driven by push currently immigration has contributed more to population growth than fertility.
Positive Net Migration
It happens when number of immigrants exceed number of emigrant.
Negative Natural Increase
It happens when number of deaths exceed number of birth.
The main benefits of international migration is to make more money.
The greatest apparent impact of immigration is the shift in cultural and societal up of receiving countries.
POPULATION POLICIES
Population policies encompass a series of government declarations, choices, and measures aimed at influencing population number, growth, distribution, and composition. These policies impact individual and family decisions on various aspects such as marriage, childbearing, job arrangements, and residence. The objectives of population policies typically aim to promote economic development and individual welfare. Historically, pro-natalist policies focusing on restricting emigration and stimulating immigration were common. However, in modern times, policies often focus on restricting immigration, encouraging redistribution, prolonging survival, and adopting anti-natalist measures.
These policies can have both direct and indirect effects on demographic outcomes. Direct actions include government initiatives like providing free family planning services or implementing migration laws, while indirect actions, such as promoting female education or compulsory secondary education, also influence demographic trends.
To address demographic changes and align them with social, economic, and political goals, governments often gather demographic data and develop specific public health and population policies regarding mortality, fertility, and migration. Policies related to population migration and distribution are crucial for managing spatial distribution, population density, and strains on agriculture, natural resources, and the environment.
Measures taken by governments may include encouraging population redistribution from densely populated urban areas to smaller urban, suburban, and rural areas, decreasing migration from rural to urban areas, ensuring access to basic services and infrastructure for the urban poor, addressing environmental sustainability concerns by preventing unintended pregnancies through family planning programs, improving road safety, promoting public transportation, promoting settlement of under-populated areas, and relocating populations from environmentally fragile or threatened areas. These policies aim to manage urbanization, internal migration, and environmental sustainability while supporting long-term growth.